Prolonged sun exposure is the most common cause.
Hyperpigmentation occurs due to an overproduction of melanin. There are many types of hyperpigmentation, the common ones being Melasma (Chloasma), Hori’s Nevus, Solar Lentigo, Ephilides (Freckles), Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH), Age Spot and Sun Spot.
This can be triggered by prolonged sun exposure, pregnancy or hormonal changes, genetic factors, age, skin injuries or inflammation. Cases are treated with creams, chemical peels, or laser therapy depending on the cause of pigmentation.
Prevention: Apply sunscreen (SPF30++ and above) regularly on your exposed face and body.